State-by-state guide covering documents required, the approval process, costs and timelines — for Lagos, Abuja, Rivers, Ogun, Oyo, Enugu and Delta.
Never build without a permit. In Lagos, Abuja and increasingly other states, unapproved structures face Stop Work Orders, fines, and demolition — with no compensation. The permit process feels slow, but the risk of building without it is far greater than the delay.
Approving Authority
Lagos State Physical Planning Authority (LASPPPA)
Typical Permit Cost
₦500,000 – ₦1,500,000
Timeline
4 – 8 weeks (straightforward residential)
Engage your Architect and Structural Engineer
They prepare the drawings. Confirm your architect is registered with ARCON (Architects Registration Council of Nigeria).
Conduct a Soil Test
Now mandatory for buildings above 2 floors and strongly recommended for all. Produces a geotechnical report that informs your foundation design.
Verify your Survey Plan is registered
Your survey plan must be searchable on the Lagos State surveying database. Unregistered plans will delay your application.
Submit application to LASPPPA
Submit all documents and pay the processing fee at the nearest LASPPPA office. Keep your receipts.
Site inspection by LASPPPA officer
An officer visits your site to confirm the proposed building matches your plot and surroundings.
Approval and collection
Collect your Development Permit. Post it visibly on your site during construction as required by law.
Obtain LASBCA Stage Certifications
LASBCA inspects at key stages (foundation, DPC level, roofing, completion). Do not skip these — they are required for your Completion Certificate.
Can I start building before the permit is issued?
No. Commencing construction before your permit is issued is illegal in all states. You can prepare the site (clearing, setting out) but no concrete or blockwork before approval is in hand.
What happens if I build without a permit?
In Lagos and Abuja especially, unapproved buildings face demolition — sometimes with very short notice. You may also face fines and be unable to sell or mortgage the property later since title cannot easily be perfected on an unapproved structure.
Do I need a permit for a fence?
Yes in most states. Fencing above a certain height (typically 1.8m) requires approval. In Lagos, fencing fees are included in the standard permit application.
How long does the permit last?
Most state building permits are valid for 2–3 years. If construction is not completed within the permit period, you typically need to apply for an extension or renewal.
What is the difference between a building permit and a C of O?
A building permit is the approval to construct a specific building on your land. A Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) is a land title document showing you have the right to occupy and use the land. They are separate — you can have one without the other, though you ideally need both.
Use the free Professional Fees Calculator to get a full breakdown of architect fees, QS fees, soil test and permit costs for your project.
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